Lake Kournas Crete: Complete Guide to Crete's Natural Freshwater Paradise

Lake Kournas (Λίμνη Κουρνά) is a natural freshwater lake located in northern Crete, just 4km from the coastal resort of Georgioupolis and about 20 minutes from Rethymno. This unique ecological treasure is the only naturally-formed freshwater lake on the entire island of Crete, making it a rare and precious natural habitat.

With a surface area that varies between 579,000 and 790,000 square meters depending on the season, Lake Kournas is fed by natural springs from the nearby White Mountains (Lefka Ori) and a small river. The lake's depth fluctuates throughout the year, reaching up to 22-25 meters at its deepest point during winter and spring, then receding significantly during the dry summer months.

The striking turquoise-blue waters of Lake Kournas are surrounded by lush greenery, reeds, and a backdrop of impressive mountains, creating an oasis-like atmosphere that contrasts beautifully with Crete's typically dry landscape. The lake's unusual color ranges from deep blue to turquoise and even emerald green depending on the light, season, and viewing angle.

Lake Formation and Geography

Lake Kournas was formed thousands of years ago in a natural depression that collects water from underground springs and rainfall from the surrounding mountains. The lake has no visible outflow, though it connects to the sea via underground channels and a small stream called Delfinas.

The lake is surrounded by small hills covered with olive groves, while the impressive White Mountains form a dramatic backdrop to the south. This geography creates a sheltered microclimate that supports a diverse ecosystem quite different from other parts of Crete.

By Car (Recommended)

The most convenient way to reach Lake Kournas is by car, giving you flexibility to explore at your own pace. The lake is easily accessible from the main north coast highway (E75):

From Chania:

• Follow the National Road E75 eastbound toward Rethymno
• After approximately 40km, look for signs to Lake Kournas and Georgioupolis
• Turn right at the well-marked junction near Georgioupolis
• Follow signs for Lake Kournas for about 4km inland
• Total distance: 43km, approximately 45 minutes drive

From Rethymno:

• Follow the National Road E75 westbound toward Chania
• After approximately 18km, look for signs to Lake Kournas and Georgioupolis
• Turn left at the junction near Georgioupolis
• Follow signs for Lake Kournas for about 4km inland
• Total distance: 22km, approximately 25 minutes drive

By Public Bus

While not as convenient as driving, it is possible to reach Lake Kournas using public transportation:

• Take a KTEL bus from Chania or Rethymno to Georgioupolis
• From Georgioupolis, you'll need to either:
  • Take a taxi to the lake (approximately 4km, €10-12)
  • Walk the 4km to the lake (takes about 45-60 minutes)
• Check the latest schedule on the KTEL website before your trip

By Organized Tour

Many tour companies in Chania, Rethymno, and other resorts offer day trips that include Lake Kournas. These typically combine the lake with other attractions such as:

• Argyroupoli springs
• Georgioupolis beach
• Traditional villages
• Rethymno old town

While convenient, organized tours typically allow only 1-2 hours at the lake, which may not be enough time to fully enjoy all the activities available.

Seasonal Considerations

Lake Kournas offers different experiences throughout the year, with each season bringing its own charm:

Spring (April to June) – This is perhaps the most magical time to visit Lake Kournas. The lake is at its fullest after winter rains, wildflowers bloom along the shores, and the surrounding hills are lush and green. Water temperatures gradually warm up, reaching comfortable swimming conditions by late May. Wildlife is abundant and active during this period.

Summer (July and August) – The peak tourist season brings the warmest temperatures but also the largest crowds. The lake level drops significantly, revealing beaches along the southern shore where you can swim. By August, the lake can shrink considerably in size, sometimes by up to 30-40% compared to spring levels. This is the busiest time, with all facilities operating at full capacity.

Autumn (September to October) – Another excellent time to visit, as the summer crowds diminish while temperatures remain pleasant for swimming and pedal boating. The lake level begins to rise again with the first autumn rains, and the surrounding landscape takes on warm golden hues.

Winter (November to March) – The quietest season, with few visitors and sometimes dramatic weather. The lake reaches its highest water level, sometimes flooding the paths along certain sections. Most tavernas and facilities close, though the natural beauty remains impressive, especially on clear winter days when the snow-capped White Mountains reflect in the lake.

Daily Timing

For the best experience at Lake Kournas, consider these daily timing tips:

• Early Morning (7:00-10:00 AM) – The most peaceful time with few visitors. The lake is often perfectly still, creating mirror-like reflections of the surrounding mountains. Wildlife is most active during these hours, making it ideal for birdwatching.
• Midday (11:00 AM-3:00 PM) – The busiest and hottest time, especially in summer. All facilities are operating, but the experience can feel crowded with tour groups arriving from nearby resorts.
• Late Afternoon (4:00-7:00 PM) – As tour groups depart, the lake becomes more peaceful again. The golden afternoon light creates stunning photo opportunities as the sun begins to set behind the mountains.

Weather Considerations

Lake Kournas typically enjoys more moderate temperatures than the coast due to its inland location and freshwater cooling effect. Summer days are hot but usually 2-3°C cooler than coastal areas. Spring and autumn offer pleasant temperatures around 20-25°C, perfect for combining swimming with walking around the lake.

The lake area can occasionally experience sudden afternoon winds or brief thunderstorms during spring and autumn. These usually pass quickly but bring dramatic changes to the lake's surface and colors.

Despite its relatively small size, Lake Kournas offers a variety of activities for visitors of all ages. Here are the most popular things to do during your visit:

Pedal Boat Rentals

One of the most popular activities at Lake Kournas is renting a pedal boat (sometimes called a water bicycle) to explore the lake's crystal-clear waters:

• Rental cost: €8-10 per half hour, €15 per hour (as of 2025)
• Several rental stations are located along the northern shore
• Most pedal boats accommodate 2-4 people
• Some pedal boats include a built-in slide for children
• No prior experience needed - they're easy and safe to operate
• Lifejackets are provided with all rentals

Pedaling across the lake allows you to reach areas not accessible from shore, including the shallow southern end where you might spot turtles and fish in the crystal-clear water. Many visitors pedal to the middle of the lake for swimming in deeper waters away from the shore.

Swimming

Lake Kournas offers a refreshing freshwater swimming experience, quite different from the saltwater beaches of Crete:

• The water is crystal clear and generally calm with no currents
• The northern shore has a gradual entry but transitions quickly to deeper water
• During summer (July-August), receding water levels reveal sandy and pebbly beaches on the southern shore, which offer better swimming areas
• Water temperature ranges from 16°C in spring to 27°C in late summer
• No lifeguards are present, so swim with caution, especially with children

Many visitors combine swimming with pedal boat rental, anchoring in deeper parts of the lake to swim away from the more crowded shores. The lake bed can be muddy in some areas, so water shoes can be helpful.

Walking Around the Lake

A walk around Lake Kournas offers beautiful views and perspectives from different angles:

• The complete circuit is approximately 3.5km
• Only the north and east shores have well-maintained paths
• A full circuit is only possible during late summer when water levels are low
• The eastern path provides the best views and photo opportunities
• Allow 1-1.5 hours for a partial circuit with photo stops

During spring and winter when water levels are high, only about 30-40% of the lake perimeter is accessible by foot. The northern shore path is always accessible year-round, offering an easy 15-20 minute walk with beautiful views.

Wildlife Watching

Lake Kournas is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts, particularly birdwatchers:

• Bring binoculars to spot herons, ducks, moorhens, and cormorants
• The lake is home to both native and migratory bird species
• Look for freshwater turtles sunning themselves on logs or rocks
• Fish can be seen clearly in the shallower areas
• Early morning offers the best wildlife viewing opportunities

The eastern shore, with its reeds and quieter atmosphere, is the best area for wildlife spotting. Please maintain a respectful distance and avoid disturbing the animals.

Lake Kournas is not just a scenic landscape but a vital ecosystem supporting diverse wildlife. This freshwater habitat is particularly valuable on an island where freshwater is scarce, making it an important refuge for numerous species.

Aquatic Life

The clear waters of Lake Kournas are home to a variety of aquatic species:

• Freshwater Turtles - The lake is famous for its population of European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) and stripe-necked terrapins (Mauremys rivulata). These can often be spotted sunning themselves on rocks or floating logs, particularly in the shallower southern parts of the lake.
• Fish - Several species inhabit the lake, including:
  • Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
  • Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
  • European eel (Anguilla anguilla)
• Frogs - Listen for the croaking of marsh frogs (Pelophylax cretensis), a species endemic to Crete, particularly active during spring evenings.
• Crabs - Small freshwater crabs can sometimes be spotted along the muddy shoreline.

Birdlife

Lake Kournas is a significant site for birdwatching on Crete, supporting both resident and migratory species:

• Resident Birds:
  • Little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis)
  • Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus)
  • Coot (Fulica atra)
  • Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)
• Seasonal Visitors:
  • Grey heron (Ardea cinerea)
  • Little egret (Egretta garzetta)
  • Various duck species
  • Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) - typically seen in winter
• Migratory Visitors - During spring and autumn migrations, various species make brief stops at the lake

The reedy areas on the eastern and southern shores provide the best birdwatching opportunities. Early morning and late afternoon offer higher chances of spotting more elusive species.

Plant Life

The lake ecosystem supports rich plant diversity:

• Aquatic Plants - Water lilies, reeds, and rushes create important habitat for wildlife
• Riparian Vegetation - The lake margins feature tamarisk trees, plane trees, and oleanders
• Wildflowers - Spring brings impressive wildflower displays around the lake, including orchids, anemones, and chamomile

The mountains surrounding the lake are covered with typical Mediterranean vegetation including olive groves, carob trees, and various aromatic herbs like thyme and sage.

Protected Status

Lake Kournas is designated as a protected wetland under Greek law and is included in the European Natura 2000 network of protected areas. It's considered an important habitat for biodiversity conservation in Crete. Various conservation efforts help maintain water quality and protect the lake's ecosystem from the impact of tourism.

Lake Kournas offers a good range of basic facilities for visitors, particularly along the northern shore where most tourism infrastructure is concentrated:

Accessibility Information

For visitors with mobility challenges, Lake Kournas offers limited accessibility:

• The main northern area near the tavernas has paved paths accessible to wheelchairs and those with limited mobility
• Some tavernas have accessible restrooms
• The parking areas are close to the main facilities (within 50-100 meters)
• Walkways beyond the main northern area become unpaved and more challenging
• The natural terrain makes a full circuit of the lake impossible for those with mobility limitations

Rental Facilities

In addition to pedal boats, some vendors offer other rental items:

• Sun loungers and umbrellas on the small beach areas (available in summer when water levels are lower)
• Inflatable water toys for children
• Beach towels and basic swimming gear

The northern shore of Lake Kournas features several tavernas and cafes, each offering beautiful views over the lake. These range from simple cafes to full-service traditional tavernas.

Lakeside Tavernas

The main tavernas along the lake shore offer similar menus but with some variations in quality, pricing, and specialties:

• Kournas Lake Restaurant - One of the largest tavernas with extensive outdoor seating directly overlooking the lake. Known for fresh fish and traditional Cretan dishes.
• Georgia's Taverna - A family-run establishment with a slightly elevated position offering panoramic views. Popular for homemade dishes and friendly service.
• Lakeside Taverna - Casual dining with a large outdoor terrace. Good for simple meals and refreshments.
• Kavalos Restaurant - Located slightly above the others with expansive views. Known for its grilled meats and slightly higher-end dining experience.

All tavernas serve a similar range of dishes including:

• Greek appetizers (meze) such as tzatziki, dolmades, and saganaki
• Fresh salads featuring local ingredients
• Grilled meats including souvlaki, lamb, and local sausages
• Freshwater fish from the lake (seasonal availability)
• Traditional Cretan specialties like dakos, boureki, and gamopilafo
• Seafood dishes (though these are typically brought in from coastal areas)

Local Products & Specialties

Many of the tavernas and small shops around Lake Kournas sell local products that make excellent souvenirs or gifts:

• Honey - Local thyme and wildflower honey from nearby mountain villages
• Olive Oil - Extra virgin olive oil from surrounding groves
• Raki - The traditional Cretan spirit, often served complimentary after meals
• Herbs - Dried mountain herbs including oregano, thyme, and sage
• Pottery - Some shops sell ceramics made in nearby villages

Prices at lakeside establishments are slightly higher than what you might find in nearby villages, reflecting the prime location. However, most offer good value, particularly if you order simple Greek dishes rather than international options.

Alternative Dining Options

If you're looking for alternatives to the lakeside tavernas, consider:

• Picnic - Many visitors bring their own food to enjoy at quieter spots around the lake, particularly along the eastern shore where there are some nice spots under the trees
• Kournas Village - The traditional village of Kournas sits in the hills about 3km from the lake and offers some excellent authentic tavernas with lower prices than those at the lakeside
• Georgioupolis - This coastal resort (4km) offers a wide range of dining options from fast food to upscale restaurants

Lake Kournas offers stunning photography opportunities throughout the year. The changing light, seasons, and water levels create endlessly varied scenes for both amateur and professional photographers.

Best Photo Locations

• Northern Viewpoint - Just above the tavernas, a small elevated area provides a sweeping panorama of the entire lake with mountains in the background
• Eastern Shore Path - Walking along the eastern side offers multiple angles with the White Mountains dramatically framing the lake
• From the Water - Some of the most striking photos come from the middle of the lake while on a pedal boat, capturing the encircling mountains and unique perspectives
• Southern Shore - Accessible only in summer when water levels are low, this area offers photos looking back toward the tavernas with a foreground of shallow turquoise water
• Approach Road Viewpoint - As you drive down toward the lake from the main road, there's a natural viewpoint offering an elevated perspective of the whole area

Photography Tips

Best Lighting Conditions:

• Early Morning (7:00-9:00 AM) - The still waters create perfect reflections, and the soft light enhances the lake's colors
• Golden Hour (1-2 hours before sunset) - Warm golden light bathes the scene, creating dramatic shadows on the mountains and golden highlights on the water
• Overcast Days - Don't dismiss cloudy conditions; they can create moody scenes with dramatic skies reflected in the lake

Capturing Colors:

• A polarizing filter can enhance the turquoise colors by reducing glare from the water surface
• The lake changes color throughout the day and seasons - from emerald green to deep blue to turquoise
• Spring offers vibrant green surroundings, while late summer creates stronger contrast between the blue water and golden hills

Wildlife Photography:

• Bring a telephoto lens (at least 200mm) for capturing birds and distant turtles
• Position yourself near the reedy areas on the eastern shore for better wildlife opportunities
• Be patient and quiet - wildlife is more visible when there's less human activity
• Early morning offers the best lighting and wildlife activity

Seasonal Photo Opportunities

Each season offers unique photographic possibilities:

• Spring - Wildflowers in the foreground, snow still visible on distant mountains, lush green surroundings
• Summer - Dramatic contrast between blue water and dry surroundings, interesting patterns as the lake recedes
• Autumn - Golden light, changing colors of surrounding vegetation, fewer people in your shots
• Winter - Dramatic skies, snow-capped mountains, reflections in the full lake, misty mornings

Lake Kournas makes an excellent focal point for exploring the surrounding area. Consider combining your lake visit with these nearby attractions to make the most of your day:

Georgioupolis

This charming coastal resort town is just 4km from Lake Kournas and offers:

• Long Sandy Beach - 9km of beautiful beaches with shallow waters ideal for families
• Picturesque Harbor - Small fishing boats and waterfront tavernas
• Agios Nikolaos Chapel - Iconic tiny white chapel built on a stone jetty in the sea
• River Almiros - Freshwater river meeting the sea, creating a unique ecosystem

Georgioupolis is perfect for combining a morning at the lake with an afternoon at the beach.

Argyroupoli (Ancient Lappa)

This historic village located about 15km south of Lake Kournas is built on the ruins of the ancient Roman city of Lappa and features:

• Natural Springs - Crystal clear water cascading through the village, creating a lush oasis
• Ancient Remains - Roman and Byzantine ruins integrated into the modern village
• Traditional Tavernas - Famous for spit-roasted lamb and dishes cooked in wood-fired ovens
• Old Water Mills - Historic structures now converted to tavernas with running water features

The springs of Argyroupoli offer a refreshing complement to Lake Kournas, with water streaming through tavernas and creating a magical dining atmosphere.

Kournas Village

Overlooking the lake from the hillside about 3km away, the traditional village of Kournas offers:

• Panoramic Views - Spectacular vistas of the lake, mountains, and sea
• Traditional Architecture - Stone houses and narrow winding streets
• Local Pottery - Traditional ceramic workshops keeping ancient techniques alive
• Authentic Tavernas - Less touristic dining with local specialties

A visit to the village provides cultural context to the lake and a glimpse into traditional Cretan mountain life.

Chania Old Town

If you're based in Chania, Lake Kournas makes an excellent day trip that can be combined with exploring the city's historic old town:

• Venetian Harbor - Iconic lighthouse and waterfront restaurants
• Old Market - Shopping for local products and souvenirs
• Historic Districts - Venetian and Ottoman architecture in Topanas and Splantzia quarters
• Archaeological Museum - Rich collection of Minoan and Roman artifacts

Chania is about 45 minutes drive from Lake Kournas, making it possible to visit both in one day.